Cite
American Psychiatric Association, ed. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5-TRTM. Fifth edition, text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2022.
Jeremy
Synth
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FirstEditor:: American Psychiatric Association,
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Title:: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR™
Year:: 2022
Citekey:: americanpsychiatricassociationDiagnosticStatisticalManual2022
itemType:: book
Publisher:: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Location:: Washington, DC
ISBN:: 978-0-89042-576-3 978-0-89042-575-6
LINK
Abstract
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Notes
Jeremy’s Review
Latest edition to the DSM. Used for understanding diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
Annotations
Imported: 2023-10-25 4:39 pm
Quote
In adults, hyperactivity may manifest as extreme restlessness or wearing others out with their activity. Impulsivity refers to hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought, which may have potential for harm to the individual (e.g., darting into the street without looking). Impulsivity may reflect a desire for immediate rewards or an inability to delay gratification. Impulsive behaviors may manifest as social intrusiveness (e.g, interrupting others excessively) and/or as making important decisions without consideration of long-term consequences(e.g., taking a job without adequate information).
Pg.3
- The way ADHD manifest in adults is different than in kids. Adults have learned skills to deal with, or mask their symptoms.
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Adult recall of childhood symptoms tends to be unreliable, and it is beneficial to obtain ancillary information. ADHD cannot be diagnosed in the absence of any symptoms prior to age 12. When symptoms of what appears to be ADHD first occur after age 13, they are more likely to be explained by another mental disorder or to represent the cognitive effects of substance use.
Pg.3
- When seeking an ADHD diagnosis, it is important to receive evidence from your childhood, whether that be through parents, progress reports, or community reports. No ADHD diagnosis can be given if symptoms did not occur before age 12. This can be difficult if you are estranged from your family and have a bad memory.
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Although ADHD is not associated with specific physical features, rates of minor physical anomalies (e.g., hypertelorism, highly arched palate, low-set ears) may be elevated.
Pg.4
- It is not necessarily possible to physically see someone with ADHD, which can make living it with somewhat more difficult because everything is expressed through behavior or therapy.
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Population surveys suggest that ADHD occurs worldwide in about 7.2% of children; however, cross-national prevalence ranges widely, from 0.1% to 10.2% of children and adolescents.Prevalence is higher in special populations such as foster children or correctional settings. In a cross-national meta-analysis, ADHD occurred in 2.5% of adults.
Pg.4
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The heritability of ADHD is approximately 74%.
Pg.4
- If your kid has been diagnosed with ADHD, you should look at yourself.
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Clinical identification rates in the United States for African American and Latinx populations tend to be lower than for non-Latinx White populations. Underdetection may result from mislabeling of ADHD symptoms as oppositional or disruptive in socially oppressed ethnic or racialized groups because of explicit or implicit clinician bias,leading to overdiagnosis of disruptive disorders.
Pg.5
- Those from cultures that have been socially oppressed are more often labeled with defiant disorders and are under diagnosed with ADHD.
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ADHD is more frequent in males than in females in the general population, with a ratio of approximately 2:1 in children and 1.6:1 in adults. Females are more likely than males to present primarily with inattentive features.
Pg.5
- Men are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than women. Perhaps due to societal expectations and/or cognitive development (smarter sooner).
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ADHD is a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior in children. Similarly, in adulthood, ADHD is associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt, when comorbid with mood, conduct, or substance abuse disorders, even after controlling for comorbidity.
Pg.5
- ADHD is dangerous as it increases the likelihood of suicide, suicide ideation, and suicidal behaviors.
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ADHD predicted persistence of suicidal thoughts in U.S. Army soldiers.
Pg.5
- Soldiers are at even higher risk of suicidal thoughts if they have ADHD.
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On average, individuals with ADHD obtain less schooling, have poorer vocational achievement, and have reduced intellectual scores than their peers, although there is great variability.
Pg.6
- Perhaps clergy who have gone through education with ADHD will be a good group to study in resiliency techniques. It may also be something to look out for in terms of saying people should “just…” as everyone’s experiences are different.
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Individuals with ADHD are more likely than peers to be injured. Children and adults with ADHD are at higher risk for suffering trauma and developing subsequent post traumatic stress syndrome. Traffic accidents and violations are more frequent in drivers with ADHD. Individuals with ADHD have a higher overall mortality rate, largely because of accidents and injuries. There may also be an elevated likelihood of obesity and hypertension among individuals with ADHD.
Pg.6
- ADHD is a predictor in lower health, substance abuse likelihood, and early mortality ages than their peers.
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Although ADHD is more common in males, females with ADHD have higher rates of a number of comorbid disorders, particularly oppositional defiant disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and personality and substance abuse disorders.
Pg.8
- Men may have more “vanilla” ADHD, but women make up for it in their diagnosis of comorbid disorders.